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1.
Pediatr. (Asunción) ; 49(2)ago. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386701

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Actualmente se ha observado que la hipovitaminosis D y la obesidad pueden influir en el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular en el futuro. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre deficiencia de vitamina D y factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos en los pacientes pediátricos del noroeste de México. Materiales y métodos : se incluyeron niños de 6 a 15 años, se les midieron variables somatométricas, niveles séricos de colesterol total, C-HDL, C-LDL, triglicéridos, glucosa, insulina, vitamina D e índice HOMA-IR. Se identificó la asociación de factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos y la deficiencia de vitamina D, mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: De los 114 pacientes evaluados, se detectó eutrofia en 42.1%, sobrepeso en 12.3%, obesidad en 41.2% y desnutrición en 4.4%. La prevalencia de deficiencia en vitamina D, insuficiencia y suficiencia fueron 18.4%, 27.2% y 54.4% respectivamente. La deficiencia de vitamina D mostró mayor predominio en pacientes con obesidad (27 %). La hipertrigliceridemia se asoció estadísticamente con deficiencia de vitamina D (p 0.041). Se observaron correlaciones inversas entre niveles de vitamina D con HOMA (r=-0.191; p=0.41), score Z IMC (r=-0.210; p=0.025) e insulina (r=-0.227; p=0.015). Conclusiones: La deficiencia de vitamina D se asocia en niños con un IMC elevado y resistencia a la insulina, lo cual puede acelerar el desarrollo de síndrome metabólico, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedad cardiovascular.


ABSTRACT Introduction: It has currently been observed that hypovitaminosis D and obesity can influence the future development of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To identify the association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic risk factors in pediatric patients from northwestern Mexico. Materials and methods: Children aged 6 to 15 years were included, somatometric variables, serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, vitamin D and HOMA-IR index were measured. The association of cardiometabolic risk factors and vitamin D deficiency was identified using the Chi square test. Results: Of the 114 patients evaluated, normal body-mass index was detected in 42.1%, 12.3% were overweight, 41.2% were obese and 4.4% were malnourished. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency were 18.4%, 27.2% and 54.4% respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in obese patients (27%). Hypertriglyceridemia was statistically associated with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.041). Inverse correlations were observed between vitamin D levels with HOMA (r = -0.191; p = 0.41), BMI Z score (r = -0.210; p = 0.025) and insulin (r = -0.227; p = 0.015). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher BMI and insulin resistance in children, which can accelerate the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

2.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 46(2): 93-97, Apr.-June 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-959786

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Acute postoperative pain is a usual symptom and a surgical challenge. Objective: To determine the frequency of pain in the postoperative period of patients undergoing elective surgery and to characterize pain management at a second-level public hospital. Material and methods: A cross-section study of 175 postop patients was conducted, analyzing variables such as level of pain 24 hours after surgery according to the visual analog scale, type of surgery, use of analgesics, and anesthetic technique. Results: The findings indicate that the frequency of moderate, severe, and excruciating pain is 66.3%. In all cases, the analgesia treatment was prescribed by the treating service, and 2 to 3 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used in 86.4% of the cases, with a minimal use of opioids in 13% of the patients. The anesthetic techniques used included balanced general anesthesia, neuro-axial block, and a mixed technique; the latter improved pain control. Conclusion: The frequency of postoperative pain is similar to the level reported in other trials (30%-70%), pointing to the need to review our current management, with more extensive participation and training of the staff involved in pain control.


Resumen Introducción: El dolor agudo postoperatorio es un síntoma frecuente, el cual representa un reto en el ámbito quirúrgico. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de dolor en el paciente postoperado de cirugía electiva y caracterizar el manejo del mismo en un hospital público de segundo nivel de atención. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en 175 pacientes postoperados, analizando las variables de grado de dolor a las 24 horas del postoperatorio con la escala visual análoga, tipo de cirugía, uso de analgésicos, técnica anestésica. Resultados: Se encontró que la frecuencia de dolor moderado, severo o insoportable es del 66.3%. El tratamiento analgésico en todos los casos fue prescrito por el servicio tratante y en el 86.4% de los casos se emplearon AINE'S, en número de uno a tres. Con un uso mínimo de opioides en el 13% de los pacientes. Las técnicas anestésicas usadas fueron AGB, BNA y técnica mixta; con mejoría en el grado de dolor con la técnica mixta. Conclusión: Existe una frecuencia de dolor postoperatorio similar a lo reportado en otros estudios (30-70%), reflejando la necesidad de revisión del manejo actual, mayor participación y capacitación del personal involucrado en su manejo.


Subject(s)
Humans
3.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 74(6): 413-418, nov.-dic. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-951280

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: Los niveles bajos de vitamina D se han asociado con una gama de condiciones clínicas como obesidad, resistencia a la insulina y diabetes mellitus. Existen pocos estudios donde se hayan realizado mediciones de la forma activa de la vitamina D (1,25 (OH)2 vitamina D) en niños con obesidad. Sin embargo, los datos publicados no son concluyentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los niveles de la forma activa de la vitamina D en niños con obesidad y sobrepeso y determinar la asociación entre los niveles bajos de esta vitamina, la obesidad y las alteraciones del metabolismo de la glucosa. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en niños de 6 a 12 años de edad con exceso de adiposidad determinado por el índice cintura-estatura y el índice Z de masa corporal. Se midieron niveles de glucosa, insulina, perfil de lípidos completo, modelo homeostático para evaluar la resistencia a la insulina y la forma activa de la vitamina D. Se consideraron como niveles bajos de vitamina D aquellos menores a 30 pg/ml. Resultados: La prevalencia de niveles bajos de la forma activa de la vitamina D fue del 36%. La asociación entre niveles bajos de la forma activa de la vitamina D y niveles altos de insulina resultó estadísticamente significativa. No se encontró asociación significativa entre los niveles de la vitamina y las medidas de adiposidad. Conclusiones: Se encontraron niveles bajos de la forma activa de la vitamina D en el 36% de la población estudiada, y se demostró su asociación con la resistencia a insulina e hiperinsulinemia.


Abstract: Background: Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with a range of clinical conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus, among others. There are few studies that measure the active form of vitamin D (1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D) in obese children. However, published data are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the active levels of vitamin D in obese and overweight children and to find an association between low levels of vitamin D, obesity and impaired glucose metabolism. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 6 to 12-year-old children with excess adiposity determined by waist-stature index and body mass index. Levels of glucose, insulin, complete lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment and the active form of vitamin D were measured in each patient. Levels < 30 pg/ml were considered as low levels of vitamin D. Results: The prevalence of low levels of active vitamin D was 36%. A significant association between low levels of active vitamin D and high levels of insulin was found. No significant association was found between vitamin levels and adiposity measures. Conclusions: Low levels of active vitamin D were found in 36% of the population studied. A significant association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia was demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Overweight/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Vitamin D/blood , Insulin Resistance , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight/blood , Adiposity , Waist Circumference/physiology , Pediatric Obesity/blood , Hyperinsulinism/epidemiology , Insulin/metabolism , Lipids/blood , Mexico/epidemiology
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(2): 181-187, feb. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-779485

ABSTRACT

Background: Feeding modes and appetence toward certain foods are usually conditioned by the family. Obesity during adolescence usually persists during adulthood. Aim: To determine differences in family structure of adolescents according to their nutritional status. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 60 overweight-obese and 60 normal weight adolescents. Family type was determined based on their conformation (kinship and cohabitation), development (if the mother had a remunerated job), demography (geographical area), integration (functions of the couple); life cycle stage and functionality. Results: Fifty eight percent of normal weight adolescents had simple nuclear families and 47% of overweight-obese adolescents had an extended family. Thirty one and 21% of overweight/obese and normal weight adolescents lived with an overweight/obese individual, respectively. Conclusions: There are differences in the family structure of overweight/obese and normal weight adolescents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Family Characteristics , Obesity/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Nutritional Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight/epidemiology , Feeding Behavior , Mexico/epidemiology
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